William Joseph Bratton CBE (born October 6, 1947) is an American law enforcement officer and entrepreneur who served two periods as New York City Police Commissioner (1994-1996 and 2014-2016). He previously served as Commissioner of the Boston Police Department (BPD) (1993-1994) and Head of the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) (2002-2009).
Bratton began his police career at the Boston Police Department before becoming a Commissioner of Police in New York City, where his quality of life policy has been credited with reducing petty crime and violence. He was recruited to lead the Los Angeles Police Department in 2002 as the LAPD struggled to rebuild trust after the 1973 Los Angeles Riot and Rampart scandal, and led an era of reform and crime reduction. Bratton has served as an advisor to the police in several roles, including advising the British government. In January 2014, Bratton returned to the position of the Police Commissioner in New York City, and served until September 2016.
Bratton police force is influenced by broken window theory, criminological theory of norms regulation and signal effects of urban disturbances and vandalism in additional crime and anti-social behavior. He advocates for having ethnically diverse police force representatives of the population, maintaining strong relationships with law-abiding populations, tackling police corruption, being hard on gangs and possessing extremely intolerant anti-social behavior.
Video William Bratton
Early life and education
Bratton comes from the Dorchester neighborhood in Boston, Massachusetts. He studied at Boston Technical High School, graduating in 1965. From there, he served in the United States Military Army Corps during the Vietnam War.
Maps William Bratton
Police career
Boston
Bratton returned to Boston in 1970 to start a police career in the Boston Police Department, and was appointed as an officer in October 1970. He was promoted to sergeant in July 1975 and became a lieutenant in March 1978. In October 1980, at that age 32 and ten years after his appointment to BPD, Bratton was named the youngest Executive Inspector of the Boston Police, the department's second highest office. He was dismissed as an executive inspector after he told a reporter that his goal was to become a Police Commissioner. He was transferred to the position of Inspector Bureaus, a residence responsible for connecting with minority communities and LGBTQ. He was then taken back to the police headquarters to handle the employment relationship and 9-1-1 related issues.
Between 1983 and 1986 Bratton was the Chief of Police for the Bay of Massachusetts Transport Authority, after which he became the Metropolitan District Police Inspector of Boston. Bratton was the Chief Inspector of the Boston Police Department from 1992 to 1993, then he became the 34-city Police Commissioner. He holds the Department's highest award for courage.
New York City
Bratton became head of the New York City Transit Police in 1990. In 1994, Bratton was appointed the 38th New York City Police Department (NYPD) Commissioner by Mayor Rudy Giuliani. He collaborated with Giuliani in applying a controversial rupture window theory. He introduced the CompStat system to track crime in New York City. The critics argue that CompStat has created a disadvantageous incentive for officers to allow crimes to be unreported, and has encouraged police brutality, citing that complaints by citizens involved in incidents in which no arrests were made or calls were issued more than doubled during the reign of Giuliani.
Bratton resigned in 1996, while being investigated by Counsel Corporation for the merits of the book deal he signed at the office and received some unauthorized travel from companies and individuals. These violations are generally considered minor. The Front and center are suspected of a personal conflict with Giuliani, in part because of Giuliani's opposition to some Bratton reforms and partly because of Giuliani's belief that Bratton get more credits for crime reduction than Giuliani.
Bratton's Experience and New York Police Deputy Commissioner Jack Maple was used as the inspiration of The District television series.
Los Angeles
Bratton worked as a private consultant with Kroll Associates, also known as the Independent LAPD Monitor, until his appointment by Los Angeles Mayor James Hahn as the 54th LAPD Police Chief in October 2002. Bratton was one of three candidates recommended to Hahn by the Los Angeles Police Commission Angeles under Commission President Rick J. Caruso. Under Bratton's rule, crime within the city declined for six consecutive years.
On June 19, 2007, Los Angeles Police Commission lifted Bratton into the second five year term, which was the first re-appointment of a LAPD head in nearly twenty years.
Bratton has been criticized for his vast journey; in 2005, he was out of town for a full third of both official and personal affairs.
In March 2009, Councilman Herb Wesson submitted an amendment to City Charter, allowing Bratton to serve his third consecutive term as Chief of Police.
On September 11, 2009, he was awarded the honorary title of the Superior Commander of the Royal Order of the Kingdom by Queen Elizabeth II "in recognition of his work to promote cooperation between the United States and the British police during his special career".
On August 12, 2011, Bratton said he was in talks with the British government to become an advisor in controlling the violence that had affected London the previous week. He said he received a phone call from US Prime Minister David Cameron, and that he would continue to talk with British officials to formalize the deal. Bratton was approached by British Prime Minister David Cameron to become the new Metropolitan Police Commissioner in July 2011, but Theresa May and the Home Office said that the commissioner needed to be a British citizen. Bratton was instead offered advisory role for the British government, which he received in August 2011.
Oakland
On December 27, 2012, he was hired as a consultant for the city of Oakland, California.
Return to New York City
On December 5, 2013, the New York City mayor, Bill de Blasio, named Bratton as New York City Police Commissioner to replace Raymond Kelly. The New York Times reported that at Bratton's oath on January 2, 2014, the new Police Commissioner praised his predecessor Raymond Kelly, but also hinted at his intention to strike a more peaceful tone with ordinary New Yorkers who have become disillusioned with the police in town: "We will all work hard to identify why so many in this city do not feel good about this department that has done so much to keep them safe - what has happened about our activities that have made so much alienation?" He resigned in 2016.
Business
Bratton co-founded and served as CEO of Bratton Technologies, a venture-backed company that operates BlueLine, a global network of law enforcement professionals emulating LinkedIn.
After resigning from his post in Los Angeles, in 2009, he moved back to New York City to take a position with private international security firm Altegrity Risk International. He became chairman of Kroll, a research firm and risk consulting firm based in New York City on September 16, 2010. On November 9, 2012, Bratton resigned as Chairman and retained by Kroll as Senior Advisor.
In 2010 he was appointed as a new member of the Internal Security Advisory Council.
Bratton joined the Crest Advisory on November 5, 2012, a company that advises police and criminal officers (PCC), criminal justice and security services.
In May 2018, Bratton was appointed to the Board of Directors for the Ready Mission Service, a public company specializing in equipping military personnel, first responders and law enforcement agencies with personal protective equipment.
Policing style
Bratton is a major supporter of policing "broken windows". Some media sources describe his policy as "zero tolerance", but Bratton denies it. Bratton has called "zero tolerance" a term "troublesome". Bratton and George L. Kelling wrote a joint essay in which they outlined the differences between the two:
Critics use the term "zero tolerance" in a derogatory sense to claim that the broken Windows polishing is a form of bigotry - the imposition of standards of rigid and moralistic behavior on diverse populations. It is not that. Broken Windows is a highly discretionary police activity that requires careful training, guidance and supervision, as well as ongoing dialogue with the environment and community to ensure that it is done properly.
The central theory behind breaking window strikes is that low-level crimes and distractions create an environment that encourages more serious crimes. Bratton and Kelling also argue that low-level disorder is often a greater concern for the population than the great crime, and that different ethnic groups share the same idea as "interference". He and Kelling support effective enforcement and light penalties for minor crimes. Quoting tariff fraud as an example, they argue that the police should try to catch the tariff avoidance, and that most should be summoned to court rather than arrested and given punishment other than imprisonment. The aim is to prevent small offenders from committing more serious crimes in the future and reduce prison populations in the long run.
Bratton also supports community policing, describing it as linked to the polishing of broken windows. He and Kelling stressed the need for police to collaborate with other government agencies and various community groups, writing that "many of the challenges to public order facing the city and society can not be solved by simple police action."
Bratton has stated that racial tension and police distrust are obstacles to reducing crime. Bratton's solution in Los Angeles and New York City is to make the police forces more ethnically diverse and "reflect the ethnic make-up of their cities". Bratton argues that stop-and-friction is a useful tool that should be used in moderation. The use of stop-and-friction increased during his first tenure as NYPD Commissioner and was dramatically reduced during his second term. Bratton supported the reduction on the grounds that it caused tension between the police and minority groups and it was less needed in the lower crime era.
Memoir
In 1998, Random House published his memoir Turnaround: How the American Top Cop Reverses the Epidemic of Crime , written with coauthor Peter Knobler. It's called the New York Times Important Book of the Year.
Personal life
Bratton holds a Bachelor of Science in Law Enforcement from the University of Massachusetts Boston and a researcher at John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University.
Bratton has been married four times. She is currently married to TruTV lawyer and analyst Rikki Klieman, and has one son, David, from a previous marriage. Bratton previously married a lawyer and spokeswoman for the Boston Police and newscaster Cheryl Fiandaca.
Bratton spoke to Roger Williams University's graduation class at the commencement ceremony on 22 May 2010 and also received honorary degrees during the ceremony. He also received an honorary degree from the New York Institute of Technology.
See also
- District
References
External links
- LAPD biography
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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