Fred Waldron Phelps Sr. (November 13, 1929 - March 19, 2014) is an American Baptist minister and civil rights lawyer who became famous for his extreme views on homosexuality and protests near the funerals of gays, military veterans and victims of the disaster, whose death he believe, is the result of God punishing the US for having "bankrupt value" and tolerating gay people.
The Westboro Baptist Church, an Kansas-based, Kansas-based fundamentalist ministry founded by Phelps in 1955, has been called "the most hated hatred and hatred group in America." His signature slogan, "God Hates Fags", remains the name of the group's main website.
In addition to the cemetery, Phelps and his followers - mostly members of his own immediate family - collect gay pride, high profile political events, university commencement ceremonies, live performances from The Laramie Project and functions sponsored by group- a mainstream Christian group that is not affiliated with it, for that reason it is their sacred duty to warn others of God's wrath. He continues to do so in the face of various legal challenges - some of which reach the US Supreme Court - and almost universal opposition and contempt from other religious groups and the general public. Laws imposed at the federal and state level for the specific purpose of restricting disruptive activities are limited in their effectiveness due to the protection of the Constitution granted to Phelps under the First Amendment.
Although Phelps died in 2014, Westboro Baptist Church remains in operation. It continues regular demonstrations outside cinemas, universities, government buildings, and other facilities in Topeka and elsewhere, and is still characterized as a group of hatred by the Anti-Pollution League and the Center for Southern Poverty Law.
Video Fred Phelps
Early life and education
Phelps was born in Meridian, Mississippi, the elder of two children from Catherine Idalette (nÃÆ' Â © e Johnston) and Fred Wade Phelps. His father was a railway cop for a devout Columbus and Greenville Railway and Methodist; his mother is a housewife. In 1935, Catherine Phelps succumbed to esophageal cancer at the age of 28 years. Her aunt Irene Jordan helped take care of Fred and her sister Martha Jean until December 1944, when the older Phelps married Olive Briggs, a 39-year-old widow..
Fred distinguishes himself scholastically and is an Eagle Scout. He is also a member of Phi Kappa, a high school social fraternity, president of the Central United Methodist Youth Department and is honored as the best drilled member of the Mississippi Junior State Guard, a unit similar to the Reserve Officers Training Corps. He graduated from high school at the age of 16, ranked sixth in a 213 graduation class, and became a class orator at the beginning. After graduating from high school, he received an appointment to the United States Military Academy at West Point; but ultimately can not pass the physical entrance exam.
On September 8, 1947, at the age of 17, he was ordained a Southern Baptist pastor and moved to Cleveland, Tennessee, to attend Bob Jones College (now Bob Jones University, Greenville, South Carolina). The combination of Phelps's rejection of the appointment of West Point (whose father had worked hard to get it), his neglect of his father's favorite Methodist faith, and his father's marriage to a divorced widow (Phelps later became a blatant divorce critic) preserved the lifelong estrangement of father and mother her steps - and by some accounts, from her sister as well. Phelps apparently never spoke to his family members again, and returned all their letters, birthday cards, and Christmas presents for his children, unopened.
Phelps quit Bob Jones College in 1948. He moved to California and became a street preacher while studying at John Muir College in Pasadena. The June 11, 1951 edition of the magazine Time contains a story about Phelps, who gave lectures to students about "sins done on campus by students and teachers", including "infidelity, bad language, words dirty, fraudulent, dirty joke in the classroom, and wandering into the lust of the flesh. "When college ordered him to quit, citing California laws that forbade the teaching of religion on any state school campus, he moved his sermon across the street. In October 1951, Phelps met Margie Marie Simms and married her in May 1952.
In 1954, Phelps, his pregnant wife, and their newborn son moved to Topeka, Kansas, where he was employed by the East Side Baptist Church as an associate priest. The following year, church leadership opened Westboro Baptist Church on the other side of town, and Phelps became his pastor.
Though the new church seems to be nondenominational, Phelps teaches a doctrine very similar to the Primitive Baptist, who believes in the literal scriptures, namely that the biblical scriptures are literally true, and that a number of predetermined persons are chosen for redemption before the world is created kept on Judgment Day (the Baptist World Alliance and the Southern Baptist Convention both denounce and reject Phelps and his teachings for years). His passionate sermons alluded to the alienated church leaders and most of the original church, leaving him with a small following, almost entirely composed of relatives and close friends.
Phelps was forced to support himself selling vacuum cleaners, prams, and insurance; later, some of his 13 children were reportedly forced to sell door-to-door candy for several hours each day. In 1972, two companies sued Westboro Baptist for failing to pay for candy resold by children.
Maps Fred Phelps
Legal career
Civil rights case
Phelps obtained a law degree from Washburn University in 1964, and founded the Phelps Chartered law firm. The first important cases relate to civil rights. "I systematically overthrew Jim Crow's law in this city", he said. The daughter of Phelps was quoted as saying, "We took the stance of Jim Crow, and Kansas did not take it to sit down, they used to shoot out our car window, yelled at us nigger lovers", and that Phelps law firm comprises one third of the federal list of state civil rights cases part.
Phelps took the case on behalf of an African-American client accusing racial discrimination by the school system, and a black-dominated American Legion post that has been raided by police, accusing police abuse based on race. Phelps law firm gained settlements for several clients.
Phelps sued President Ronald Reagan for appointing the US ambassador to the Vatican by Reagan, accusing it of violating the separation of church and state. The case was rejected by the US district court.
Phelps's self-administered law firm and family members also represent non-white Caucasians in action discrimination against Kansas City Power and Light, Southwestern Bell and Topeka City Lawyers, and represent two female professors who accuse discrimination at Kansas universities.
Defeat in his civil rights demands against Wichita City and others, on behalf of Jesse O. Rice (Executive Director of the Wichita Civil Service Employment Opportunities Commission), among other causes, will lead to further legal action that ends in Dismissal and Phelps blame.
In the 1980s, Phelps received awards from the Greater Kansas City Chapter of Blacks in Government and the Bonner Springs branch of NAACP, for his work on behalf of a black client. In 1994, a self-published book by Jon Michael Bell stated that, although Phelps worked on behalf of many black clients, he reportedly expressed a racist view. One of his sons, Nate, stated that Phelps took many cases of civil rights for money rather than principles. Nate says that his father "holds a racist attitude" and he will use contempt for black clients: "They will come to his office and after they leave, he will talk about how stupid they are and call them dumb negro." His brother Shirley denies Nate Phelps's account and claim that he has never used racist language.
Disbarment
A formal complaint was filed against Phelps on 8 November 1977 by the Kansas State Lawyers Council for his actions during a lawsuit against a court reporter named Carolene Brady, who had failed to have a court copy ready for Phelps the day he asked for it. Though it did not affect the outcome of the case, Phelps sued him for $ 22,000.
In subsequent trials, Phelps summoned Brady to the pulpit, proclaiming it as a hostile witness, and then examining it for almost a week, in which he accused him of being a "whore", trying to introduce testimony from ex-boyfriend Phelps wanted a subpoena, accusing him of various sexual acts which was wrong, finally made her cry in the pulpit.
Phelps lost the casing. According to the Supreme Court of Kansas:
The trial became an exhibition of personal revenge by Phelps against Carolene Brady. His examination was full of repetition, urgency, satire, majesty, irrelevant and immaterial material, proving only the desire to harm and destroy the defendant. The jury verdict did not stop Phelps attacks. He was not satisfied with the pain, pain, and damage he had visited at Carolene Brady.
In an appeal, Phelps prepared a written statement in court that he had eight witnesses whose testimony would convince the court to rule in support of him. Brady took an oath, signed a statement of eight questionable people, all of whom said that Phelps never contacted them and that they had no reason to testify against Brady.
Phelps was found to have made "a fake statement in violation of DR 7-102 (A) (5)". On July 20, 1979, Phelps was permanently fired from legal practice in the state of Kansas, although he continued to practice in federal courts.
In 1985, nine Federal judges filed a disciplinary lawsuit against Phelps and five of his children, accusing false accusations against the judges. In 1989, the complaint was resolved; Phelps agreed to stop practicing law in federal court permanently, and his two children were discontinued: one for a period of six months and the other for one year, respectively.
Family life
Phelps married Margie M. Simms in May 1952, a year after the couple met at the Arizona Bible Institute. They have 13 children, 54 grandchildren, and 7 great-grandchildren.
Nathan Phelps, the estranged son of Fred Phelps, claims he has never had a relationship with his abusive father when he was growing up, and that Westboro Baptist Church was an organization for his father to "vent his anger and anger." He alleges that, in addition to harming others, his father used to physically torture his wife and children by beating them with his fists and with a matte handle until he bleeds. Phelps' brother Markus supports and repeats Nathan's remarks about physical abuse by their father. Since 2004, more than 20 church members, mostly family members, have left the church and their families.
Religious belief
Phelps describes himself as the Old School Baptist, and declares that he holds the five points of Calvinism. Phelps specifically highlights John Calvin's doctrine of unconditional election, the belief that God has chosen certain people for salvation before birth, and limited atonement, the belief that Christ only died for the elect, and condemned those who believe otherwise. Despite claiming to be an Old School Baptist, he was ordained by the Southern Baptist church, and was rejected and generally condemned by the Baptist Old School (or Primitive).
Phelps looked at Arminianism (in particular the Methodist theologian William Elbert Munsey) as "a violation of â € <â € In addition to John Calvin, Phelps admired Martin Luther and Bob Jones Sr., and duly quoted Jones's statement that "what this country needs is 50 Jonathan Edwardses to loose in it." Phelps in particular had the same ultimacy, believing that "God Almighty made some people want and he led others into sin", a view he said was a Calvinist. However, many theologians will identify him as a Hyper-Calvinist ("hyper" meaning "beyond" or "above" not "extreme"). Phelps opposed common Baptist practices such as Sunday school meetings, Bible schools and seminaries, and multi-denominational crusades, even though he attended Bob Jones University and worked with Billy Graham in the Los Angeles Crusade before Graham changed his view of Hell and literal salvation. Phelps considers Graham the greatest false prophet since Balaam, and also condemns big church leaders such as Robert Schuller and Jerry Falwell, in addition to all Catholics.
Church protest activities
All Phelps's recent actions relate to the Westboro Baptist Church (WBC), an unaffiliated American Baptist church known for its extreme ideology, especially against gays. The Church is widely described as a group of hatred and monitored as such by the Anti-Defamation League and Southern Poverty Law Center. It was led by Phelps until the following years when he took a diminished role in the activities of the church and his family. In March 2014, church representatives said that the church did not have a leader defined in "a very long time," and members of the church consisted mainly of their extended family; in 2011, the church stated that they had about 40 members. The church is headquartered in a residential neighborhood on the western side of Topeka about three miles (5 km) west of the Kansas State Capitol. His first public service was held on the afternoon of 27 November 1955.
The Church has been involved in acts against gay people since at least 1991, when he sought a crackdown on homosexual activity at Gage Park six blocks northwest of the church. In 2001, Phelps estimated that the WBC had held 40 pickets a week for the previous 10 years. In addition to conducting anti-gay protests at military cemeteries, organizations capture the funerals of other celebrities and public events that may attract media attention. Protests have also been made against Jews, and several protests including WBC members stepped on the American flag.
Lawsuit against Westboro Baptist Church
On March 10, 2006, the WBC chaired the funeral of Marines Marine Officer Matthew A. Snyder, who was killed in a battle in Iraq on March 3, 2006. The Snyder family sued Fred Phelps for defamation, invasion of privacy, and the deliberate suffering of emotional distress..
On October 31, 2007, WBC, Fred Phelps and his two daughters, Shirley Phelps-Roper and Rebekah Phelps-Davis, were found to be responsible for the invasion of privacy and the deliberate suffering of emotional distress. The federal jury gave Snyder's father $ 2.9 million in damages, then added the decision to grant $ 6 million in compensation for privacy violations and an additional $ 2 million for causing emotional distress ($ 10.9 million total).
The suit was named Albert Snyder, Matthew Snyder's father, as a plaintiff and Fred W. Phelps, Sr.; Westboro Baptist Church, Inc.; Rebekah Phelps-Davis; and Shirley Phelps-Roper as defendants, alleging that they were responsible for publishing defamation information about Snyder's family on the Internet, including the statement that Albert and his wife had "raised [Matthew] to the devil" and taught him "to oppose his Maker, to divorce , and committing adultery ". Another statement criticized them for raising their son Catholics. Snyder further complained that the defendant had stormed and staged a protest at his son's funeral. Privacy infringement claims and defamation arising from comments posted about Snyder on the Westboro website were dismissed on the grounds of the First Amendment, but the case continued to court over three counts remaining.
Albert Snyder, father of LCpl Matthew A. Snyder, testified:
They turned this funeral into a media circus and they wanted to hurt my family. They want their message to be heard and they do not care who they are stomping on. My son should be buried with dignity, not with a bunch of clowns outside.
In his direction to the jury, US District Judge Richard D. Bennett stated that the First Amendment's protection of freedom of expression has limits, including vulgar, offensive and shocking statements, and that the jury must decide "whether the defendant's actions would offend the reasonable person, they are extreme and outrageous and whether this action is very offensive and shocking because it is not entitled to protection of the First Amendment ". (See also Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire , a case in which certain personal slurs and obscene greetings by an individual are found to be unfit for the protection of the First Amendment, due to the potential for violence resulting from their speech). The IBC sought an annulment based on alleged bias by a judge and a breach of a silencing order by the plaintiff's lawyer. Appeal is also sought by the WBC. On February 4, 2008, Bennett upheld the ruling but reduced the compensation penalty from $ 8 million to $ 2.1 million. The total judgment then reached $ 5 million. Court lien was ordered on the church building and Phelps law office in an effort to ensure that damages were paid.
An appeal by the WBC was heard on September 24, 2009. The federal appeals court ruled in favor of Phelps and Westboro Baptist Church, stating that their picket near the LCpl cemetery Matthew A. Snyder was a protected speech and did not violate the privacy of the members' family, reversing the $ court decision 5 million lower. On March 30, 2010, a federal appeals court ordered Albert Snyder to pay court fees for Westboro Baptist Church, totaling $ 16,510. Political commentator Bill O'Reilly agreed on March 30 to cover charges, pending an appeal.
A certiorarial statement was given on appeal to the United States Supreme Court, and the oral argument for the case came on October 6, 2010. Margie Phelps, one of Fred Phelps's sons, represented Westboro Baptist Church.
The court ruled in favor of Phelps in the 8-1 ruling, stating that the demonstrators' speeches are related to public affairs, and disseminated on public sidewalks. Supreme Court Justice John Roberts writes, for the majority, "As a nation we have chosen... to protect even painful speeches on public issues to ensure that we do not paralyze public debate." Judge Samuel Alito, the only one who disagreed, wrote, "Our deep national commitment to free and open debate is not a license for vicious cruelty attacks occurring in this case."
Efforts to prevent funeral protests
On May 24, 2006, the United States House and Senate passed a Respect for the American Heroes of Destruction Act, signed by President George W. Bush five days later. This action banned protests in the 300m (91m) national cemetery - which amounted to 122 when the bill was signed - from one hour before the funeral to an hour later. Offenders face a fine of $ 100,000 and up to one year in prison.
On August 6, 2012, President Obama signed the Pub.L. 112-154, Honorary American Veterans and Caring for the Camp Lejeune Families Act of 2012 which, inter alia, requires a 300 feet (91 m) buffer zone and 2 hours around the military cemetery.
In April 2006, nine states had passed a law on protest near the burial site immediately before and after the ceremony:
Countries that consider the law are:
Florida increased the penalty for disrupting military funerals, altering previous restrictions on legitimate assembly disruptions.
On January 11, 2011, Arizona issued an emergency measure that prohibited protests within 300 feet (91 m) of any funeral service, in response to an announcement by the WBC that it planned to protest at the 2011 Tucson Christina Green photo shoot.
This ban has been contested. Bart McQueary, after protesting Phelps at least three times, filed a lawsuit in a federal court that challenged the constitutionality of the Kentucky funeral ban. On September 26, 2006, a district court approved and entered into an order prohibiting the ban from taking effect. In his opinion, the judge wrote:
Section 5 (1) (b) and (c) restrict more speech than would interfere with funerals or what would be so prominent that funeral participants could not avoid it. As such, such provisions are not narrowly adapted to serve the significant governmental interests but are otherwise unconstitutional.
United States Civil Liberties Union filed a lawsuit in Missouri on behalf of Phelps and Westboro Baptist Church to overturn a ban on army funerals. ACLU Ohio also filed a similar lawsuit.
In the case of Snyder v. Phelps , the 4th Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that "unpleasant and disgusting" protests around the funeral of service members are protected by the First Amendment. But lawyers for family members of the service appealed the decision on the grounds that the speech should not be allowed to cause emotional distress to private parties exercising their religious freedom during the funeral. The Supreme Court heard oral arguments in the case on October 6, 2010 and resolved 8-1 in favor of Phelps in an opinion released on March 2, 2011. The court stated that "any difficulties caused by Westboro's follow-up change the content and point of view of the message delivered , not any interference with the cemetery itself "and thus can not be restricted.
People targeted by Phelps
Beginning in the early 1990s, Phelps targeted several individuals and groups in the public eye to be criticized by the Westboro Baptist Church.
Prominent examples include President Ronald Reagan, Princess Diana, Supreme Court Justice William Rehnquist, Reggie White National League Star, Sonny Bono, comedian George Carlin, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, atheist, Muslim, killing students Matthew. Shepard, children's television host Fred Rogers, Australian actor Heath Ledger, Jon Stewart of Comedy Central and Stephen Colbert, political commentator Bill O'Reilly, Jews, film critic Roger Ebert, Catholic, Australian, Swedish, Irish, and army US killed in Iraq. He also targeted Joseph Elabrook Elementary School in Lexington, Massachusetts, center of the controversy David Parker. In 2006, they planned a protest at the funeral for five girls who were killed during the shooting of West Nickel Mines School in Pennsylvania, but canceled it, choosing to spread their message on local radio stations. In 2007 he stated that he would target the funeral of Jerry Falwell.
Phelps' daughter Shirley Phelps-Roper has appeared on the Fox News Channel, defending the WBC and attacking homosexuality. She and her children also appear on Howard Stern radio shows trying to promote their agendas and churches. Followers of Phelps repeatedly protested the graduation ceremony of the University of Kansas School of Law.
In August 2007, after the I-35W Minneapolis bridge collapsed, Phelps and his congregation stated that they would protest at the funerals of the victims. In a statement, the church says that Minneapolis is "the accursed ground of Sodom".
Political activity
Anti-gay
In the movie Hatemongers, members of the Westboro Baptist Church stated that their children were being "greeted" by homosexuals in Gage Park, about 1 / 2 mile (800 m) from Phelps's house (and a mile (1.5 km) northwest of Westboro Church). Shirley Phelps-Roper said that, in the late 1980s, Fred Phelps witnessed a homosexual effort to lure his five-year-old son Joshua into some bushes. After several complaints to the local government about the massive homosexual sex that took place in the park, without any action, Phelpses posted a warning sign about homosexual activity. This resulted in a lot of negative attention for the family. When Phelpses asked local churches to speak out against activities at Gage Park, the churches also attacked the Phelps family, causing families to protest homosexuality regularly.
In 2005, Phelps and his family, along with several other local congregations, organized a signature movement to produce a vote to repeal two city regulations that added a sexual orientation to the definition of hate crime and forbade the city itself from sexually discriminating at work. orientation. Signatures are collected enough to bring size to sound. Topeka voters beat the size of repeal on March 1, 2005, with a 53-47% margin. In the same election, Phelps's granddaughter, Yael, is a failed candidate for Topeka City Council, who is trying to replace Tiffany Muller, the first open member of the Council.
Democrats
Phelps ran in various Kansas City Democratic elections five times, but never won. These included a race for governors in 1990, 1994, and 1998, receiving about 15 percent of the vote in 1998. In 1992 the main Democratic Party for the US Senate, Phelps received 31 percent of the vote. Phelps nominated the mayor of Topeka in 1993 and 1997.
Phelps supported Al Gore in the 1988 Democratic presidential election. In his 1984 Senate race, Gore opposed the "gay rights bill" and declared that homosexuality was not something "to be acknowledged by society", a position openly changed by Gore in the year 2000 as its official position. Phelps has stated that he supports Gore because of his previous comments.
In 1996 Phelps opposed the election of Clinton (and Gore) because of government support for gay rights; Westboro congregation took the inaugural ball in 1997.
In 1997, Phelps wrote a letter to Iraqi President Saddam Hussein, praising his regime for "the only Muslim country that allows the gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ to be free and openly preaches in the streets". Further, he declared that he wanted to send a delegation to Baghdad to "preach the gospel" for a week. Hussein was granted permission, and a group of WBC congregations went to Iraq to protest the United States. WBC members stood on the streets of Baghdad holding signs of cursing Bill and Hillary Clinton, as well as anal sex.
Arrest and travel restrictions
United States
In 1994, Phelps was convicted of irregular behavior for verbal abuse, and received two suspended 30-day jail sentences.
Phelps' 1995 conviction for attacks and batteries carries a five-year prison term, with 18 months obligated to be served before he qualifies for parole. Phelps fought to be allowed to remain free until the appeals process was over. The days away from being arrested and sent to prison, a judge ruled that Phelps had been denied court quickly and that he was not required to serve at any time.
United Kingdom
On February 18, 2009, two days before the first British picket at Westbury Baptist Church, the Royal Headquarters announced that Fred Phelps and Shirley Phelps-Roper would be refused entry and that "other church members could also be flagged and stopped if they tried to enter the UK ". In May 2009, she and her daughter Shirley were placed on the "name and embarrassment" list of the House of Representatives banned from entering Britain for "fostering hatred that might lead to inter-community violence".
Phelps in media
In 1993, Phelps appeared in the first season episode of talk show Ricki Lake, alleging that homosexuals and "anyone carrying the AIDS virus" deserve to die. When Phelps and his son became increasingly fierce, Lake ordered the Phelps family to leave the studio. During the commercial break, both were forced out of the premises and escorted out of the building by security. After Phelps died, Lake tweeted that when he was on the show, he told him that he worshiped his own rectum - a statement that led him to take action off the stage to get Phelps out of the set.
The Phelps family is the subject of the 2007 Most Hated Family in America TV program, which was presented on the BBC by Louis Theroux. Four years after the original documentary, Theroux produced the follow-up program of America's Most Hated Family in Crisis, fueled by the news of family members leaving the church. Phelps's son, Nate, has broken the rankings with his family and in an interview with Peter W. Klein about Canada's The Standard program, he characterized his father as a rude person and warned the Phelps family could turn rough. Writing in response to Phelps's death in 2014, Theroux described Phelps as "an angry fanatic living in conflict", and expressed the view that his death would not lead to any "big change" in the church, as he saw it as an operation. with great family dynamics rather than cults.
Kevin Smith produced a horror film titled Red State featuring fundamentalist religious figures inspired by Phelps.
Phelps appeared in A Union in Wait , a 2001 Sundanese Documentary film about same-sex marriage, directed by Ryan Butler after Phelps presented the Wake Forest Baptist Church at Wake Forest University during a proposed union-proposed union ritual..
Excommunication and death
Fred Phelps preached his last Sunday sermon on September 1, 2013. Five weeks later, sermons returned from various members.
According to Phelps's grandson and former church member Zach Phelps-Roper, Phelps was elected from the church after undergoing a "change of heart" about his religious beliefs. Zach reported that Phelps had spoken to support House Equity members across the street from the church, considered "church blasphemy".
On March 15, 2014, Nathan Phelps, Phelps's estranged son, reported that Phelps was in very poor health and received hospital treatment. He said that Phelps had been ostracized from church in August 2013, and then moved to a house where he "basically stopped eating and drinking". His statement was supported by his brother, Mark.
Church spokesman Steve Drain refused to answer questions about Phelps's exclusion, and denied that the church had a single leader. Drain says that "the church of Jesus Christ has no head" and "the Lord Jesus Christ is our head". Referring to a church that has a defined leader, he says that "for a very long time, we have not been organized in the way you think." The church's official website says that membership status is private and does not confirm or deny the excommunication.
Phelps died of natural causes shortly before midnight on March 19, 2014. His daughter Shirley declared that the funeral for her father would not be held because the church was not "worshiping the dead". According to Nathan Phelps, Fred Phelps's body was soon cremated and no information about the disposition of his ashes had been released. The Organization Recovering from Religion released a statement on behalf of Nathan, who was on their board of directors, about his father's death. Time publishes obituaries by author David von Drehle who describes Phelps as a "colossal jerk" and "the type of person who does not want to exist." The media interest in Phelps is summarized: "one journalist after another picks up Phelps's bait, then tries to spit his hook after the boy's dishonesty and ambiguity grows clear."
Electoral history
Main Democrat for Governor of Kansas, 1990
- Joan Finney: 81,250 (47.18%)
- John Carlin: 79.406 (46.11%)
- Fred Phelps: 11,572 (6.72%)
Main Democrat for the United States Senate, Kansas 1992
- Gloria O'Dell: 111,015 (69,20%)
- Fred Phelps: 49,416 (30,80%)
Main Democrat for Governor of Kansas, 1994
- Jim Slattery: 84,389 (53.02%)
- Joan Wagnon: 42,115 (26,46%)
- James Francisco: 16.048 (10.08%)
- Leslie Kitchenmaster: 11,253 (7.07%)
- Fred Phelps: 5,349 (3.36%)
Main Democrat for Governor of Kansas, 1998
- Tom Sawyer: 88,248 (85.28%)
- Fred Phelps: 15.233 (14.72%)
See also
- Christianity and homosexuality
- The Bible and homosexuality
References
External links
- Phelps explains what "God Hates Fags" means from LiveLeak.com
- For external links related to the Westboro Baptist Church and not to Phelps in particular, see this section.
- Biographical information
- Fred Phelps at IMDb
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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